Screening for Youth Violence-Teen

Screening for Youth Violence-Teen

Screening for Youth Violence

Summary of Recommendation and Evidence

Population

Recommendation

Grade
(What's This?)

Screening of both Genders

This screening is recommended for adolescents.

B

Overview

Youth violence refers to harmful behaviors that can start early and continue into young adulthood. The young person can be a victim, an offender, or a witness to the violence.

Youth violence includes various behaviors. Some violent acts—such as bullying, slapping, or hitting— can cause more emotional harm than physical harm. Others, such as robbery and assault (with or without weapons), can lead to serious injury or even death.

Why is youth violence a public health problem?

Youth violence is widespread in the United States (U.S.). It is the third leading cause of death for young people between the ages of 15 and 24.

  • In 2012, 4,787 young people aged 10 to 24 years were victims of homicide—an average of 13 each day
  • Over 599,000 young people aged 10 to 24 years had physical assault injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments—an average of 1642 each day.
  • In a 2013 nationwide survey, about 24.7% of high school students reported being in a physical fight in the 12 months before the survey.
  • In 2013, 19.6% of high school students reported being bullied on school property and 14.8% reported being bullied electronically.

 

How does youth violence affect health?

Deaths resulting from youth violence are only part of the problem. Many young people need medical care for violence-related injuries. These injuries can include cuts, bruises, broken bones, and gunshot wounds. Some injuries, like gunshot wounds, can lead to lasting disabilities.

Violence can also affect the health of communities. It can increase health care costs, decrease property values, and disrupt social services.

Causes 

Causes for violent youth behavior are:

  • Domestic and Child Abuse
  • Teen's Neighborhood
  • Insufficient Parental Supervision
  • Peer Pressure
  • Drug Use
  • Traumatic Events
  • Mental Illness

Risk Factors

Individual Risk Factors

  • Attention deficit, hyperactivity, conduct disorder, or other behavioural disorders
  • Involvement in crime
  • Early involvement with alcohol, drugs and tobacco
  • Low intelligence and educational achievement
  • Low commitment to school and school failure
  • Unemployment
  • Exposure to violence in the family

Family Risk Factors

  • Poor monitoring and supervision of children by parents
  • Harsh, lax or inconsistent parental disciplinary practices
  • A low level of attachment between parents and children
  • Low parental involvement in children's activities
  • Parental substance abuse or criminality
  • Parental depression
  • Low family income
  • Unemployment in the family
  • Associating with delinquent peers and/or gang membership

Community Risk Factors

  • Access to and misuse of alcohol
  • Access to and misuse of firearms
  • Gangs and a local supply of illicit drugs
  • High income inequality
  • Poverty and
  • The quality of a country’s governance (its laws and the extent to which they are enforced, as well as policies for education and social protection).

Prevention

The ultimate goal is to stop youth violence before it starts. Several prevention strategies have been identified:

  • Parent- and family-based programs improve family relations. Parents receive training on child development. They also learn skills for talking with their kids and solving problems in nonviolent ways.
  • Social-development strategies teach children how to handle tough social situations. They learn how to resolve problems without using violence.
  • Mentoring programs pair an adult with a young person. The adult serves as a positive role model and helps guide the young person’s behavior.
  • Changes can be made to the physical and social environment. These changes address the social and economic causes of violence.